In the contemporary competitive environment, firms endeavor to augment their supply chain competitiveness. The modern supply chain has undergone substantial disruptions due to various factors, necessitating interdependence among companies for restructuring. This study identifies commitment levels and supply chain agility as pivotal elements in supply chain management. Specifically, it introduces interactional justice, a construct widely utilized in organizational behavior research, as an antecedent and investigates its impact on sustainable supply chain management (SCM) performance. The research employed a survey methodology targeting Korean enterprises involved in supply chain operations, yielding 320 valid responses for empirical analysis. Structural equation modeling results demonstrated that interactional justice significantly enhances commitment levels. Additionally, commitment levels were found to positively influence both supply chain agility and sustainable SCM performance. Finally, supply chain agility was shown to have a significant positive impact on sustainable SCM performance. These findings suggest that in today's uncertain business environment, fostering continuous relationships and enhancing performance among supply chain partners necessitates fairness, high commitment levels, and agile capabilities.