This research explores the similarities and differences between Korean and U.S. firms developing both supply chain resilience and market performance through organizational culture and ambidextrous innovation. Firm-level data were collected from firms in South Korea and America. PLS-SEM software was used for the analysis with a multigroup analysis employed to test differences. Organizational culture is a key component for building supply chain resilience and market performance through ambidextrous innovation; however, exploration innovation was not used the same by Korean and U.S. firms. Korean firms were better able to exploit exploration innovation to establish both supply chain resilience and market performance. Cross-cultural comparative studies of supply chain management amid COVID-19 supply chain disruptions remain rare; thus, this study fills a key gap in the supply chain management and marketing literature in the U.S. and Korea. This paper further highlights ambidextrous innovation in the context of supply chain resilience and market performance.